Above: Map of Munster

One of the earliest results of the creation of the Palatine Earls was the introduction of a new burden upon the unfortunate settlers. This was the impost which figures largely in later history as ” coyne and livery.”

 Above:  Map of Kilkenny

The provisions of this malicious statute extended even into the Church. It has been observed that from the time of the invasion there were in the same Church two sets of clergy—Irish in the unconquered lands, Norman in the settlements.